上保护层开采底板破坏深度和应力分析研究

上保护层开采导致的底板变形、应力释放会使被保护层内高瓦斯沿着上覆岩层内形成的空隙裂隙结构向上运移，很容易造成所采工作面采空区内瓦斯增加，造成工作面瓦斯超限。以峰峰集团以黄沙矿为研究实例，针对其主采的2号煤层利用FLAC^3D模拟软件进行上保护层开采底板应力研究，揭示了上保护层开采底板应力的规律特性，对于保护层开采工作瓦斯治理具有一定的指导意义。     

纤维素催化热解定向调控制取不含氧烃类液体燃料

为了将生物质能高效转化为高品位不含氧的液体燃料,以纤维素为例,研究了以催化热解方式将热解产物转化为芳香烃类液体燃料的过程.实验发现,纤维素热解产生的含氧有机小分子,可以通过催化热解的形式高效转化为不含氧的芳香烃类液体.催化剂采用HZSM-5(23)、催化剂原料质量比例为5∶1、热解温度为650℃、升温速率为10000 K/s的工况为纤维素催化热解的最佳工况,单环芳烃、多环芳烃产率分别为9.90%和12.91%,总芳香烃类产率为22.81%.热解温度提升至650℃前,更高的热解温度能获得更高的芳香烃产率.继续提高热解温度,单环芳烃、多环芳烃分子间还可能进一步发生聚合反应,最终产生积碳.同时本文也提出了一种可行的纤维素催化热解中的反应途径,与本文实验结果较为匹配.     

Postsynthesis of hierarchical core/shell ZSM-5 as an efficient catalyst in ketalation and acetalization reactions

Hierarchical core/shell Zeolite Socony Mobil-five (ZSM-5) zeolite was hydrothermally postsythesized in the solution of NaOH and diammonium surfactant via a dissolution-reassembly strategy. The silica and alumina species were firstly dissolved partially from the bulky ZSM-5 crystals and then were in situ reassembled into the MFI-type nanosheets with the structure-directing effect of diammonium surfactant, attaching to the out-surface of ZSM-5 core crystals. The mesopores thus were generated in both the core and shell part, giving rise to a micropore/mesopore composite material. The micropore volume and the acidity of the resultant hybrid were well-preserved during this in situ recrystallization process. Possessing the multiple mesopores and enlarged external surface area, the core/shell ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited higher activity in the ketalation and acetalization reactions involving bulky molecules in comparison to the pristine ZSM-5.     

Utilization of bio‐sourced myrcene for efficient preparation of highly cis‐1,4 regular elastomer via a neodymium catalyzed copolymerization strategy

The depletion of fossil based chemicals and the associated pollution have presented huge challenges to sustainability. In this study, we report on bio‐available myrcene participating in copolymerization with isoprene and butadiene by using neodymium catalysts without disruption of the pristine polymer's properties. Efficient incorporation of myrcene into the copolymer was achieved with slightly retarded reactivity compared to the reactivities of butadiene and isoprene. Copolymerization of myrcene with hydroxyl myrcene still remained compatible with the catalyst systems when the cocatalyst was fed in excess, resulting in a novel type of full myrcene based functional elastomer. The high cis‐1,4 selectivity of the system maintained the same level as the homopolymerization. Significant affinity to polar substances was deduced from the remarkably reduced water contact angle, a strong indication of good compatibility with reinforcing fillers. All copolymers displayed over 93.2% cis‐1,4 regularity and high molecular weight with narrow ?. Good resistance to low temperature was also achieved as indicated by the low glass transition temperature for all copolymers. This study verified that myrcene can be used as a sustainable monomer substituent for general diene based elastomer preparation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

某富含蛇纹石的低品位难选铜镍矿选矿工艺研究

针对某铜镍矿铜镍品位低,铜镍矿物嵌布粒度微细,共生关系复杂,蛇纹石含量高等特征,开展了选矿工艺试验研究。试验结果表明,采用预先脱除脉石-铜镍混合浮选流程,通过对含Ni 0.51%、含Cu 0.20%、含Co 0.02%的原矿进行选择性磨矿,利用MIBC预先脱除部分易浮脉石,碳酸钠作矿浆pH调整剂,CMC作MgO脉石的抑制剂,硫酸铜和丁基黄药分别作铜镍矿物的活化剂和捕收剂,全流程浮选闭路试验获得了含Ni 7.78%、Cu 2.91%、Co 0.24%,回收率分别为Ni 72.98%、Cu 66.57%、Co 51.29%的铜镍混合精矿。该工艺流程获得了较好的选别效果,实现了铜、镍、钴的有效回收。     

Novel Bi-Doped Amorphous SnOx Nanoshells for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction into Formate at Low Overpotentials

Engineering novel Sn-based bimetallic materials could provide intriguing catalytic properties to boost the electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Herein, the first synthesis of homogeneous Sn_1−xBi_x alloy nanoparticles (x up to 0.20) with native Bi-doped amorphous SnO_x shells for efficient CO₂ reduction is reported. The Bi-SnO_x nanoshells boost the production of formate with high Faradaic efficiencies (>90%) over a wide potential window (−0.67 to −0.92 V vs RHE) with low overpotentials, outperforming current tin oxide catalysts. The state-of-the-art Bi-SnO_x nanoshells derived from Sn_0.80Bi_0.20 alloy nanoparticles exhibit a great partial current density of 74.6 mA cm⁻² and high Faradaic efficiency of 95.8%. The detailed electrocatalytic analyses and corresponding density functional theory calculations simultaneously reveal that the incorporation of Bi atoms into Sn species facilitates formate production by suppressing the formation of H₂ and CO.     

Achieving Rich and Active Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Heterostructures via Interface Engineering on 2D 1T‐MoS2 Quantum Sheets

Large‐scale production of hydrogen from water‐alkali electrolyzers is impeded by the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. The hybridization of an acid‐active HER catalyst with a cocatalyst at the nanoscale helps boost HER kinetics in alkaline media. Here, it is demonstrated that 1T–MoS₂ nanosheet edges (instead of basal planes) decorated by metal hydroxides form highly active ${\text{edge}}_{{\text{1T‐MoS}}_{\text{2}}}$/ ${\text{edge}}_{\text{Ni}{(\text{OH})}_{\text{2}}}$ heterostructures, which significantly enhance HER performance in alkaline media. Featured with rich ${\text{edge}}_{{\text{1T‐MoS}}_{\text{2}}}$/ ${\text{edge}}_{\text{Ni}{(\text{OH})}_{\text{2}}}$ sites, the fabricated 1T–MoS₂ QS/Ni(OH)₂ hybrid (quantum sized 1T–MoS₂ sheets decorated with Ni(OH)₂ via interface engineering) only requires overpotentials of 57 and 112 mV to drive HER current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm^?2, respectively, and has a low Tafel slope of 30 mV dec^?1 in 1 m KOH. So far, this is the best performance for MoS₂‐based electrocatalysts and the 1T–MoS₂ QS/Ni(OH)₂ hybrid is among the best‐performing non‐Pt alkaline HER electrocatalysts known. The HER process is durable for 100 h at current densities up to 500 mA cm^?2. This work not only provides an active, cost‐effective, and robust alkaline HER electrocatalyst, but also demonstrates a design strategy for preparing high‐performance catalysts based on edge‐rich 2D quantum sheets for other catalytic reactions.